Airasia Weakness

Strength and weakness of AirAsia |strength |weakness | |Low cost operations. |Service resource is limited by lower costs. | |Fewer management levels, effective, focused and aggressive |Government interference and regulation on airport deals and | |management. |passenger compensation. | |Simple proven business model that consistently delivers that lowest | | |fares. | â€Å"Everybody Can Fly† was the famous tagline of AirAsia, AirAsia was able to fulfil their tagline AirAsia implement the low cost operations into their management. The operating fees were as low at the minimum wage. Low airport fees, for example at Kota Kinabalu International airport most people can see that the technology or systems that was being use by AirAsia was totally different compare to MAs.Other than that, AirAsia also using only one type of Airplane for every flight this is because AirAsia will only need the same engineers for every airplane in order to save the cost. In the management level, all the staff of AirAsia was the contributors where there are no ranks or hierarchy in the company where the upper management and their staff will be in the same room. However, all the staff was concern and focused to their customer needs such as offering the lower fares during festive season.AirAsia business model was also proven that they was able to offer the lowest fares, where in every year AirAsia was hold the highest ranking of demand from the customers, and each year also AirAsia was gain profit. Other than that, most of the sales of AirAsia were from online, online ticketing was introduced by AirAsia. AirAsia offered a simple product. The fares were not include the meals and if the customers request a meal then additional fee will be charge. Other than that, Airasia also does not offered a VIP seat.However, due to the lowest cost of operating by AirAsia the service resources is limited. Limited aircraft causes AirAsia was cannot prepare of standby aircraft if there is any problem in the operation. Due to the limited number of human resources it causes AirAsia could not handle irregular situation such as when there is high demand from customer they cannot fulfil each demand because there is no enough of workers, it causes some of the customer go to another airlines. Another weakness that AirAsia face is, government interference and regulation on airport deals and passenger compensation.If government announce that any flight from Malaysia to country that was having crisis, will affect AirAsia and any flight schedule will be delay until there is an announcement again from government. It is compulsory for each airlines to follow the government order. Other that, AirAsia also must follow each regulations that was been set up by the government and if there is any changes of the regulation AirAsia must changes they operation accordingly to the new regulation on the airport. AirAsia also was also must deal with the passenger compensation if there is any delay of fli ght and it will causes the passenger/customer facing loss.

Jim’s Training Needs Analysis Essay

Introduction In this case study the training needs analysis is lacking in job duties and responsibilities that create an unsafe environment. The training program is not consistent or is it cost effective in the trial and error method in backhoe procedures. Jim needs the organization to create a training objective in KSAs. Management needs to review the workplace methods in safe practices, regulations and work conditions that meet the goals and objectives of the organization. Potential Cost to Lack of Training This method in trial and error for a day to check an employee’s skills can mean they are doing well, but improvement is needed in their progress to determine their KSAs. Jim is adaptable to changing situations, but truly does not know the backhoe equipment, safety precautions, or the operating techniques of digging a hole. This type of training does not align in cost effective measures, the supervisor should observe and mentor Jim in his position as a backhoe operator and teamwork is essential to get the job done. There is no transfer of training to the task. It appears the organization is small and lacks resources to train their employees in new skills. There was no development phase of formulating an instructional strategy (Blanchard & Thacker, 2013). The organization lacked high quality services, and continued to grow and Jim’s job satisfaction to a large degree is dependent on input from other co-workers. The crew chief and Bill Granger, gave credible advice, standards of performance and guidelines by providing proper instructions in operating the backhoe. However, Jim’s work quality was deficient in breaking waterlines or digging up underground telephone lines. According to Blanchard & Thacker  (2013, p. 151) table 5-4 would have been cheaper in a training program, then constantly paying for the damage Jim imposed upon the company. It was as if there were no rules to work by, and Jim did not have a clear sense of appropriate behavior. In addition, his crew members were not happy in Jim’s operating techniques and they strived to get the job done safely and effectively. This type of non-training is detrimental to the organization, and can create a hostile work environment with individuals needing proper skills. Jim is performing inefficiently and lacks the application to perform the job satisfactorily. Recommended Methods and Training for the Organization The employee selection process starts with the job description. The employee employed is interviewed and other applicable testing for the position. This will include the pre and post-test method in screening the applicant according to the organizations policies and state, federal regulations. In addition, consider a ninety day probationary period. This would help the organization to determine if Jim’s performance, attitude, attendance measures to the organization’s standards. The business stakeholders want to know that the employees and training matches the experience, benchmarks and performance metrics (Saunderson, 2012). According to Saunderson (2012) the training needs to be transparent, solve problems, how to operate equipment and relay information and not provide redundant skills. According to Blanchard & Thacker (2013, p. 155) table 5-6 verbs is transferring the training: Knowledge to analyze, cite explain and reproduce tasks. Skills to assemble, operate install and demonstrate. Attitudes align with the organization in commitment. Jim was deficient in these skills as the operator of the backhoe and the crew chief and team members realized he was not prepared for this position. Therefore, the TNAs would be cost effective for the organization. This means a combination of classroom and on-the-job training. The workplace training is to incorporate the latest organizational policies, procedures and state, federal guidelines. In addition, the training would be tailored to certifications, training materials, safe work conditions and ready reference  materials for the pretest/post-test final exam. Workforce training and planning trends today need to meet these objectives (Planning for people, 2012, Dec 29): Address skill gaps. Recruitment process, orientation, employee coaching, mentoring and development are specific and have compensation initiatives. Define goals in terms of human resource metrics, timelines and measure what is accomplished. Ensure senior management support. Involve management in overseeing the development of the workforce plan and it is linked to the corporate strategy. Ensure employees are updated/trained in new policies/procedure and are executed effectively. This would create an organization’s continuity plan towards the strategic direction. In addition, the organization implementation, maintenance and performance metrics. The Trainer and Training Environment The trainer and training environment will be within the workplace. This will eliminate any concerns that this training will not work at this plant, the boss generally makes those decisions and will better transfer the training to their specific job Blanchard & Thacker (2013, p. 285). In a small business this is cost effective and the development phase input, process and output define the organizations objective goals. In the training and development process of equipment it will be done off-site to determine skills, safety practices and the actual physical operation of outdoor machinery. Throughout this implementation phase, the physical environment must be constantly monitored. This ensures learning has occurred. The learning process will be generalizability in jobs-relatedness and practice skills to the actual job Blanchard & Thacker (2013, p. 294). The primary concerns in a training program is the learning impact, cost, time schedule without reducing productivity in the workplace environment. Therefore, the training program will be disseminated in advance throughout all levels of the organization. This will allow management, senior executive’s involved sufficient time to arrange employee’s schedules. This will be done so that work assignment can be adequately covered during the individual’s absence. The training will be evaluated and measured according to the skills learned  and transferred to the job. According to Blanchard & Thacker (2013, p. 318) providing feedback to the trainer, can be used to modify the program and process to facilitate the training success. Conclusion The case scenario with Jim, truly demonstrated that trial and error method is not cost effective as a training and development program would be in an organization. In addition, when individuals are deficient in job skills it can create a hostile environment, lower morale and not encourage teamwork. In the above examples the best trainer would be within the workplace to diminish any barriers to the training methods. In addition off-site training for outdoor machinery would be effective in safe work conditions and actual operation of equipment. Jim needs the organization to create a training objective in KSAs. Management needs to review the workplace methods in safe practices, regulations and work conditions that meet the goals and objectives of the organization. References Blanchard, P.N. & Thacker, J. W. (2013). Effective Training: Systems, Strategies, and Practices (5th ed). Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall. Planning for people. (2012, Dec 29). Winnipeg Free Press Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1265594428?accountid=32521 Saunderson, R. (2012). Transparency in training. Training, 49(1), 134-135. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1020618237?accountid=32521

Marketing & Entrepreneurship Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing & Entrepreneurship - Coursework Example Additionally, all of the staff have insurance covers. The company uses non-toxic and environmental friendly products. These products do comply with the current Health and Safety legislation and COSHH guidelines. This means that the company is a bleach-free, and all of its products are non-toxic and biodegradable. However, the company has not specified the name of the products they use. The company charges according to the workload. They mainly come assess the cleaning work and then charge the client based on their assessment. Spark Cleaning is a cleaning service company that has been in existence for five years. The company mainly focuses of domestic and commercial cleaning. Some of their services and products include; deep cleaning end of tenancy, spring cleaning services, after build cleans, student cleans, weekly, fortnightly, or monthly interior window cleaning (Sparkcleaning.co.uk, 2015). One of the major competitive advantages of the company is that it partners with Leeds’ trusted local specialists. This allows the company to offer additional services for professional oven cleaning and carpet cleaning. Additionally, they have trained staff who have been vetted for both commercial and domestic cleaning. Cleaning Hero is a cleaning service company that mainly focuses on the commercial cleaning industry (Dearlove, 2015). In commercial cleaning, the company deals with office cleaning, carpet cleaning, retail cleaning, leisure cleaning, deep cleaning, window cleaning, and communal cleaning. The company’s competitive advantage of the company is that it offers client tenure of 4 years, they have a public liability insurance, they have affordable rates, and they have advanced online client portal for easy invoicing. Colliers Cleaners is a company located in Bradford. The company focuses on domestic cleaning, regular cleaning and commercial cleaning (Yelp.com, 2015). However, the main

See instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

See instruction - Essay Example e following departments: Coastal Retrofit that carry out mitigation programs to assist homeowners reinforce their dwellings against wind damage; Field service which maintains offices around the affected region where an area coordinator is stationed to act as liaison between the main office and the assigned area; Mitigation department is the other and function in prevention of damages and loss of life and belongings in future crisis. The fourth department deal with preparedness , a docket which undertakes all emergency planning and training programs advanced by the agency; The recovery department comes next and its role is to carry out the recovery operations that includes public assistance reimbursement. The response department which coordinates regional responses is the other department. This department responds to the various natural or manmade crisis through the central emergency operation centre; finally, the support service that handles all personnel and financial issues for the agency (Principles of emergency management, 2003). Area served/ Demographics; Quick response emergency management agency serves an area of 331 square miles with a population of about 1,337,000. This area includes a 17 mile coastline stretching 3 miles offshore 4, 6000 around the Florida region. This area is served by 47 operation centers with 30 being permanent lifeguard stations and 17 established as seasonal stations to serve during peak period. Employment information; The Quick response emergency management agency combine their emergency and homeland security full-time equivalent positions in the various regions it maintains. Presently the agency is advertising vacancy for the following posts; Emergency Management Specialist (4), Administrative, Office, Clerical (5), Legal Counsel (1) and Technology Related (1). Employment opportunities to interested persons; Ones eligibility to submit an employment application with the Quick response emergency management agency

Problems In Financing Education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Problems In Financing Education - Assignment Example A preliminary analysis of the breakup of 2000 students based on past records show that the bulk of the students need make-up coaching in Math- there are two sections with a seating of 1400 students, comprising 70 percent of the total 2000 students. As compared to this, there is just one section each for Reading English and Writing English respectively and that in turn comprises 10 and 20 percent of student total. At the moment the teachers are not paid any additional amount for these classes. Meanwhile, you have just been informed that there has been a 10 percent cut in funding and must find ways to deal with this new reality.My first strategy would be to increase revenues for these classes by charging additional amounts for the use of school facilities like the basketball court, swimming pool, the computer lab and the science laboratory. This would form a broad base for earning additional amounts and moreover could be implemented for the long term without many negative effects. Usin g facilities such as the pool, the science lab, and the basketball court could be made optional but the use of the computer lab would be fundamental for all disciplines. A letter written to all parents stating the inevitability of these measures would have to be prepared, stating the additional amounts to be charged and expected date of implementation. It would also be mentioned that a lot of private schools have adopted this policy in the past, out of sheer necessity and in order to keep up with the rising costs of education. Strategy 2 My second strategy would be to hire part-time faculty comprising of retired English and Math teachers and professors from the local community to take these classes, aided by the adjunct staff for administration etc. This group of retired teachers and professors represents a readily available resource pool that is often unused by our communities. The compensation offered would be minimal and many would be grateful for an opportunity to make a contribution to the institution even after their retirement. This would also have a favorable impact on the school, principal and the teachers involved. Strategy 3 I would also try to raise revenues by asking philanthropists like Warren Buffett, Bill Gates, Larry Page, Sergey Brin and Mark Zuckerberg to support the cost of teaching a class for the entire duration of a particular make-up session. This would include the salaries of teachers as well as other incidental and administrative costs. Since there are five classes in total, this could be achieved comfortably. The name of the contributor would be emblazoned on the door of each class and a photograph of the door as well as the class in full session sent to each contributor as a sign of the good work they have done by sponsoring this course (Sorenson & Goldsmith, 2006). It would similarly be good for the principal, teachers, and students involved in the project. Strategy 4 Often the students lose interest because the regular teachers are in a hurry and do not have time to give individual attention and guidance to a backward

PARLIAMENT, POLITICS AND POLICY MAKING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

PARLIAMENT, POLITICS AND POLICY MAKING - Essay Example This is not, however, the case. The argument is that Westminster wields relatively weak influence in matters of policy for several reasons. The most prominent of these are: 1) the two parties of the British political system exercise more control; 2) the executive branch of the government is the sole decision-making agency; and, 3) the existence of the policy communities. This paper will investigate this issue and determine the role of Westminster and its extent in British policymaking in actuality. Background In order to understand the role of the British Parliament in the state's policies, it is important to explain its nature, its function and how it works. Westminster is divided into two chambers - the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The former is consisted of elected legislators while the latter is composed of the British peerage. Until the twentieth century, both of these chambers were crucial in the legislative process. The House of Commons - akin to many Democratic or Republican states' lower or congressional chamber - passes bills that are submitted to the House of Lords for approval. Reforms, however, clipped the power of the upper chamber and that it was reduced as a subordinate in the legislative process. ... And so, essentially, the most important variable that would ideally demonstrate the role of Westminster in policymaking is with regards to legislation. Bills can only be passed by the Parliament. For a detached observer, one that is exclusively familiar with the workings of the United States government, for example, would say that the power dynamics behind Westminster's governmental role is the same as that of the American Congress wherein policymaking is the responsibility of congressional members, committees and subcommittees. This is in addition to the fact that the body is empowered to control the government budget. They have the so-called power of the purse, a variable that, in itself could, ideally, influence and shape policies. It is, hence, surprising for outsiders to find that in actuality, Westminster's role in policymaking is considered insignificant or not as potent as that of the American legislature. For some sectors, this may also prove confusing because it is inconsis tent to the very ideals and the obvious mandate that the two chambers of the British Parliament stand for. Since Westminster is the highest authority in legislation and the laws that are promulgated out of it form part of the policies of the UK, how did it end up portraying a minor role in the policy network? The answer to this question lies in the complexities of the British political system, the very reason behind the fact that the legislative process is not all there is to making laws and decision-making. On Policymaking As has been raised earlier, Westminster has the power to legislate. But this does not necessarily translate into a particular capability to shape, much less influence policy

Accelerating Virtual Team Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Accelerating Virtual Team Performance - Essay Example fact, as virtual teams become more and more prevalent, businesses edge ever closer to a culture where "job" means logging in to companys online project management site from ones home or collaborating with individuals who each work for various teams or roles at their local co-working setting. "Company headquarters" is becoming more and more of a concept than an actual premise (Duarte & Snyder, 2013). . And as physical establishment becomes less essential, companies today can hire the best talent regardless of their geographical setting. In addition, firms can enhance efficiency in their operations by handing off work across different time zones, enabling the companies to be productive around the clock. Therefore, there is a link that exists between performance boosters and virtual team. Through appropriate performance, boosters perfect virtual team leaders can be selected to enhance growth of the company. Virtual team leaders are required to be very diligent about how they coach, infl uence, recognize and hold team members for meeting commitments as the skills are essential in long-run efficiency of virtual teams (Duarte & Snyder, 2013). Physical Observation Limitations in the past caused lack of trust. Building trust was the greatest challenge in the past in creating successful virtual teams in the organization. Trust has always been referred to as the real glue of the global workplace. Most of leaders of the team in the past tends to be arranged on the assumption that workers cannot be relied upon or trusted, even in tiny matters of management. For instance, in the past the organization believed that it is unwise to trust workers whom they do not know well, employees who the company felt they have not observed in action over period of time, and who are not committed to the same goals. When trust lacks, it can undermine every other safety measure taken to ensure successful virtual work channel. What could have been done to combat the problem was by recognizing

Imagery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Imagery - Essay Example However, the poem states that in the end, all these vanish. In the second line, â€Å"her hardest hue to hold, â€Å"Frost sees nature to contain elements of femininity. This means nature is fertile, productive and it has a feminine force. Consequently, nature is entirely powerful because it is able to carry the hue of gold. Therefore, when a leaf blossoms, they are seen to contain a lot of chlorophyll that makes them heavy. Usually when a leaf turns gold, it becomes bulky than the original green color, hence substituting them. The poem still focuses on the youth as it explains converting metaphors into images of nature. â€Å"The early leaf† is a rebirth of the â€Å"first green.† This means, for a child to become an adult, they have to undergo certain passage rites. The leaf and the color represent the tribulations of life. From the young green leaves of the spring season, the whole tree grows controlling the various natural processes that the tree will encounter. In the line† So Eden sank to grief, â€Å"Frost attempts to establish a connection between the green and gold colors. He further uses the myth of Eden to show originality in nature. The gold and green can also be interpreted to symbolize the persistent attitude of nature. This means that as the night goes into rest (gold), the new day is born (green).Consequently, gold color flourishes during the night, whereas the green color blossoms during daytime (Frost, 1995). This is a fundamental concept of nature that is irreversibl e. The â€Å"early leaf† of the day contains forgiveness. This is explained in reference to the Garden of Eden when lack of knowledge is expressed, and the concept of life and death emerges. Forgiveness however, lasts for â€Å"an hour.† This is not surprising because as stated by the poem â€Å"nothing gold can stay.† William Carlos Williams captures the normal daily activities in

PRESENTATION REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

PRESENTATION REPORT - Essay Example History proves that the Gospel of John was written on the polite demand of the Bishops of Asia so that the history of Jesus remains alive in the eyes of Christian people. His writing also proves that it is solely for the Greek readers (Smith 1988, p. 433). John describes the whole story and shows the different viewpoint as compared to previous writers. The purpose of the writing of the Gospel of John was not to add materials in the previous Gospels. For that reason, he added authentic information in the fourth Gospel. His purpose of writing was also not to negate the Cerinthian heresy. In his writing, he just stated the truth in a different or unique way. He also not intended to resolve the problems of the harsh parties by giving them a lesson of unity, just like the Tubingen school did not disapprove Jewish opposition and criticism. This viewpoint is so much famous among scholars (Von Wahlde 1995, p. 381) The purpose of writing the fourth Gospel is to prove that Jesus is the Christ and he is the son of God and one should have a spiritual association with him. He also explains that he has a close relationship with his father. In this case, any other person who is spiritually close to Jesus is automatically close to God. In that time period, Cerinthian heresy was famous among Christians, but because of the Gospel of John, Christians were again attracted towards their own religion and followings. The author of the fourth Gospel was a Palestinian Jew. In his writing he shows that he is closely attached and follows the Jewish customs. He knew the Jews religious customs and followership entirely (De Jonge, 1993, p. 349). He also knew, it is entirely an illegal and non-religious thing to alter the pious book and he could face the bad circumstances. He knew there were strict thoughts and rules, that were followed in the Jewish world and it was unlawful to change the Sabbath, 5: 1 ff.; 9:14 ff. He knew the hopes of Jewish

Contemporary Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contemporary Society - Essay Example anding of contemporary society made by social thinkers such as Raymond Williams, Heidi Hartman, Iris Marion Young, Zygmunt Bauman, Stuart Hall, Paul Gilroy, John Rawls, David Miller, Martha Nussbaum, and Amartya Sen. Two of the most influential figures among these in a profound understanding of contemporary society in it various features and aspects have been Raymond Williams and Amartya Sen and this paper undertakes an evaluation of the intellectual contributions by these social philosophers whose works and writings helped modern man in realising the realities of present-day society. Williams’ contributions to politics, culture, the mass media, cultural studies and the cultural materialist approach, and literature as well as Sen’s works in welfare economics, social choice theory, economic growth, economic development and social topics helped the modern man tremendously in his understanding of the contemporary society. Raymond Henry Williams (1921-1988), the Welsh novelist, literary critic, cultural historian, cultural and political theorist, and social philosopher, has been often considered as one of the most prominent figures within the New Left movement and an eminent thinker of the wider culture. Through his important writings on politics, culture, the mass media, and literature, Raymond Williams offered salient contribution to the Marxist critique of culture and the arts. He has also been called the virtual architect of the interdisciplinary field identified as ‘cultural studies’ and his intellectual contributions have influenced every area of cultural study in the modern period. His Politics and Letters (1979), an account of his life and work, has been regarded as the single groundwork for cultural studies and the cultural materialist approach. Amartya Kumar Sen, (1933- ), the most important figure in the fields of welfare economics, social choice theory, economic growth and eco nomic development for over three decades, hails from India and he was

Hydrochloric acid Essay Example for Free

Hydrochloric acid Essay In this investigation I am going to see how temperature affects the rate of reaction. To do this I will change the temperature at which a reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid is conducted. Here is a chemical equation for this reaction: Hydrochloric acid +Sodium Thiosulphatei Sodium chloride + sulphur dioxide + sulphur + water. 2HCl(aq) + Na2S2O3(aq) i 2NaCl(aq) + SO2(g) + S(s) + H2O(l). The precipitate of sulphur is what causes the solution to go cloudy. I will mix the reactants in a flask and then place the flask on a piece of paper with a black X drawn on it. I will time how long it takes for the X to disappear totally. This is how I will measure the rate of the reaction. I plan to take twelve readings, using twelve different temperatures. The range I will use will between 10 and 50 degrees. This is because under 10i and the reaction takes too long and over 50i the reaction is too quick and so reaction time plays a major part in the result and the percentage error will be greater. To carry out the investigation my dependant variable will be the temperature of the reactants as this is the one I will change. My independent variable will be the time taken for the X to disappear and this is the one I will measure. There are many other variables that will affect the reaction and therefore I will have to keep these variables constant to ensure a fair test and therefore reliable results. Firstly I will have to make sure the volume of the flask is kept constant as if the volume increases, the solution will be shallower and so the X will disappear more slowly. Also I will have to keep the volume of the solution the same as if there is a larger volume of solution; the X will disappear more quickly. The concentrations of the two reactants will also have to be kept constant. This is because if the concentration of a solution is increased, then there are more particles in the same volume of the solution and therefore there will be more collisions between particles and the rate of reaction will increase. I predict that as the temperature of the reaction increases, the rate of reaction will increase and therefore the X will disappear more quickly. I think this because, as you increase the temperature, the particles have more energy. This makes them move faster. Therefore more collisions occur between the particles and so the rate of reaction increases. Also, since the particles have more energy when they collide, the activation energy (minimum energy needed for particles to react when they collide) is more likely to be reached and therefore the particles are more likely to react when they collide. This also increases the rate of reaction. (see diagram below). I predict that the 10i C rule will apply to this reaction. This is the theory that, if you decrease the temperature of the reaction by 10i C the rate of reaction will approximately half. Therefore the time for the X to disappear will double. If this theory is true, this is the table of results and graph I expect to get. Temperature Time Rate 50i C 10s 0. 1 40i C 20s 0. 05 30i C 40s 0. 025 20i C 80s 0. 0125 10i C 160s 0. 00625 To investigate this theory I will plan to collect reliable evidence safely. I will make sure the experiment is safe by wearing safety glasses and wiping up any spillages of solutions. I will make the experiment fair by keeping the control variables mentioned before, the same. To keep the size of flask the same I will make sure I use the same flask for each reading, washing it out after every experiment. I will keep the concentrations of the reactants the same by using the same source of the solutions. I will keep the volume of solution the same by using the smallest measuring cylinder possible and making sure I avoid parallax error while measuring the solutions out. I will make sure to use 50cmi of Sodium Thiosulphate and 5cmi of Hydrochloric acid for all my tests. I will use 0. 1M Sodium Thiosulphate and 0. 5M Hydrochloric acid. I will also use two different thermometers to measure the temperature of the two different solutions. I will use a 100ml conical flask for the entire experiment. Here is an apparatus diagram of what I will use: This is how I will carry out the experiment Firstly I will measure out 50cmi of Sodium Thiosulphate in one measuring cylinder, and 5cmi of Hydrochloric acid in the other.   I will then draw a black X on a piece of paper, making sure it is smaller then the bottom of the flask I will place the Sodium Thiosulphate in the flask and the Hydrochloric acid in a boiling tube.

Police Misconduct Essay Example for Free

Police Misconduct Essay Police brutality is the use of excessive force by a police officer. â€Å"Police brutality is a civil rights violation that occurs when a police officer acts with excessive force by using an amount of force with regards to a civilian that is more than necessary† (Police Brutality, 2013). Police corruption is the misuse of authority by a police officer, including a range of actions encompassing an officer’s misuse of his or her authority for personal gain. Police corruption is one kind of police misconduct; however, police misconduct includes any deviant behavior by a police officer including the taking of bribes, and participating in illegal activities such as gambling and prostitution (Grant Terry, Chapter 11, 2008). Some aspects of police brutality, police corruption, and police misconduct go hand-in-hand; for example, police corruption and police brutality are both forms of police misconduct. Some recommendations that I would make to decrease police brutality, police corruption, and police misconduct would include developing clearly written anticorruption and misconduct department policies and procedures and following through with disciplinary actions when those policies are violated; I would also recommend the developing or expanding of department’s internal affairs divisions with a focus on internal corruption and misconduct investigations, as well as increasing the responsibility and authority of non-internal affairs supervisor to take action against corruption and misconduct. References Police Brutality. (2013). In US Legal. Retrieved from http://definitions.uslegal.com/p/police-brutality/ Grant, H.B., Terry, K.J. (2008). Law Enforcement in the 21st Century (2nd ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Ericsson Mobile Platforms Using Value Chain Model Information Technology Essay

Ericsson Mobile Platforms Using Value Chain Model Information Technology Essay The value grid approach allows firms to identify opportunities and threats in a more explicit way than the traditional value chain. This research aims to test the Value Grid in a multinational company: Ericsson Mobile Platforms (EMP). How does the value grid model help to define the organizations Key Success Factors (KSF)? For this case study, the value grid concept proved to be an interesting heuristic tool to locate opportunities that are not evident from a traditional value chain perspective. EMP can identify indirect ways of influencing demand by playing a coordinative role with network operators. Key Success Factors for Ericsson Mobile Platforms using Porters Value Chain model The value chain model, first depicted and popularized by Michael Porter in 1985, has proved to be an effective approach to analyze and capture the value generated along a chain of activities. But, with the increasing complexity of production and service delivery, critique has arisen from both academics and professionals in terms of value chain model applicability. The value grid approach allows firms to move beyond their industry lines and to identify opportunities and threats in a more explicit way. This research aims to test the Value Grid in a multinational company: Ericsson Mobile Platforms (EMP). How does the value grid model help to find novel opportunities and define the organizations Key Success Factors (KSF)? For this case study, the value grid concept proved to be an interesting heuristic tool to locate opportunities that are not evident from a traditional value chain perspective. EMP can identify indirect ways of influencing demand by playing a coordinative role with netwo rk operators. 1. Models of Value The purpose of this part is to analyze the evolution of value models from the value chain to the value grid through the value system, the value network and the added value chain. The intent is to clarify the relevance of the value grid choice for studying the case of Ericson Mobile Platform. The Value chain The value chain includes all the activities involved in product making. It is a useful tool to measure the value created for each activity in the process of product creation. It is a part of a firms strategic planning to arrange these activities in a way that the total value, the value that buyers are willing to pay, exceeds the total cost. According to Porter (1985), a company can create value through a cost advantage or product differentiation. Porter (1985) identifies two types of activities in the value chain: Primary activities and Support activities. Primary activities are those that create customer value. The goal of the primary activities is to produce value that exceeds the cost, thereby resulting in a profit margin. Support activities concern procurement, human resource management, technological development and infrastructure such as accounting, legal, finance, planning, public affairs, government relations, quality assurance and general management. The activities in the value chain are not independent. Linkages may exist between activities. In fact, one process may affect the cost and performance of the others. Linkage can exist between primary activities, as well as, between primary and support activities. Therefore, competitive advantages can also be derived from the linkages between activities. This is a highly relevant situation for EMP. The Value System Porter (1985) extends the concept of the value chain; a firms value chain is a part of the Value System, which is a network of interconnected value chains between suppliers and buyers. The value system includes the value chains of the upstream suppliers and downstream channels and customers. The available total margin is spread across suppliers, distributors and customers (Recklies, 2001) in the value system. The amount of how much part of this margin is received by each member depends on its market position and negotiation power (Recklies, 2001). A firm who has higher degree of vertical integration has a better position in coordinating its upstream and downstream activities and therefore get a higher margin, however a company with low level of vertical integration can also get high margins if it can achieve better coordination with suppliers and partners. The Value Network Porter (1980, 1985) measures value chain and the five forces model extracted from the organizations activities, in terms of financial value (margin) but ignore the fact that intangible assets such as competencies, internal structures and relationship with the environment are the driving factors behind the financial results (Sveiby, 1997). New methods appear to take into consideration the intangible assets. Value Network Analysis (Allee, 2003) is a method that combines tools that analyze strategy with insight into complexity of interactions among people (Middendorp, 2005). According to this analysis, the intangible assets should be considered as negotiable and exchangeable. Peppar and Rylander (2006) introduce the Network Value Analysis (NVA) method as a way to analyze competitive ecosystems. Combinations of players co-create the value in the network and the method focus not only on the company or the industry, but the value creating system itself (Peppar and Rylander, 2006). Firms cultivate an ecosystem a set of firms that can co-create value by building relationships among the different players in the industry: suppliers, partners, allies and customers (Peppar and Rylander, 2006). Firms that understand the sources of value in the network and are able to exploit them will be the winners in tomorrows more complex industries (Peppar and Rylander, 2006). The Added-value Chain According to McPhee and Wheeler (2006), focusing on the firms internal core activities is not sufficient to generate value in todays firms. The authors propose an added-value chain model that includes a set of expanded business activities from different business models and a redefinition of value that incorporates brand, reputation, and relationship-based value drivers of the firm. In the added-value chain model, the definition of value incorporates profit margin and intangible assets like leadership quality, innovate capability, brand equity and competences in strategic-alliance development. This new value definition gives to the firms the ability to evaluate how their strategies affect both hard and soft assets of the firms (McPhee and Wheeler, 2006). This model is incomplete for example in finding and exploring non-linear value opportunities. The Value Grid New research conducted by Pil and Holweg (2006) argues that this approach can also put a stranglehold on innovation at a time when the greatest opportunities for value creation (and the most significant threats to long-term survival) often originate outside the traditional, linear view. Based on this critic, Pil and Holweg (2006) develop an evolved concept of Value Chain called Value Grid, which has a variety of new paths to enhanced performance, resulting in a three dimensional grid: the vertical, the horizontal and the integrative diagonal dimensions. Regarding the vertical dimension, firms are seeking for competitive advantages in the value chain by reducing cost, reducing lead time between activities and improving coordination between supplier and customers. However, how the benefits are distributed across the value chain depends on the balanced power between suppliers and manufactures. Therefore companies need to focus on three areas: Opportunities to influence customer demand both upstream and downstream, opportunities to modify information access in either direction, and finally opportunities to explore penetration points in multiple tiers that are not immediately adjacent (Pil and Holweg, 2006). The horizontal dimension provides opportunities for companies to move across value chains, in order to leverage economies of scale across multiple sources of demand (Pil and Holweg, 2006). The potential of this dimension is to enable companies to manage risk, seize existing value (special products with advanced technology), integrate sources of existing value and explore new ways to create value. The horizontal thinking allows parallel value chains to be viewed from different industries, in this way companies can integrate these parallel value chains to offer package or price combinations, which cannot be achieved by the single value chain approach. Finally, in the diagonal dimension, firms explore the grid in an integrative fashion, in order to increase the control over inputs and customers. Firms looks at the upstream and downstream of other value chains for controlling the critical components of the supply chain and uncovering new ways of boosting customer demands (Pil and Holweg, 2006). Pil and Holweg describe the two strategies that take advantages from this dimension: The first is pursuing Pinch-Point mapping when companies shall monitor key component supplies and negotiate alternative source of components. The second is defining demand enablers when companies that have a particular expertise in a given value chain, can examine other value chains in other industries that can leads to new opportunities to leverage key competitive advantages (Pil and Holweg, 2006). Industry Background The telecommunications industry is undergoing radical transformations through liberalization, lowering of technological barriers to entry and the diversity of players (Li and Whalley, 2002). Originally, the process of manufacturing a complete mobile phone was finished within one company. However, as with the PC industry, the value chain for making a mobile phone has become more fragmented according to a more stratified approach (Anderson and JÃ ¶nsson, 2006). Companies like Ericsson Mobile Platforms (EMP) and Qualcomm are examples of this change in the industry. They provide technology solutions for mobile manufactures that enable them to make a new phone model much faster without having the core knowledge like radio access. New actors and new services enlarge the mobile communications value chain in both ways, functionally and institutionally (Buellingen and Woerter , 2004; Ballon, de Munck, Poel and de Pas, 2001; Fertig, Prince and Walrod,1999). The traditional concept of value chain may not be sufficient for todays firms (Buellingen and Woerter, 2004). Barnes (2002) tries to adapt the value chain analysis for m-commerce and analyses the players, technologies and activities involved. Full-size image (36K) The basic model consists of six core processes in two main areas: First infrastructure and services, and second the area of content. Pagani and Fine (2008) consider five principal actors in the supply chain: the content providers, application providers, infrastructure providers, network providers the device providers. They assume that the end consumers create demand, set the rules of engagement and then pull the supply chain system (Pagani and Fine, 2008). In the last decade with the entry of powerful new players, rapid technological developments and increasing market turbulences (Li and Whalley, 2002), the mobile handset industry has changed from a vertical specialization to a more horizontally stratified structure. A complex and rapidly evolving value network is developing (Li and Whalley, 2002). There are more parties involved in the process of making a mobile phone. Each party focuses on areas of the value chain where they have core competences such as new technology, customer relationships management, or infrastructure management. The market is then highly complex and competitive given the fact that companies compete also with companies from other industries operating under different value propositions and economics (Li and Whalley, 2002). Methodology: Research design and data collection There are several techniques for identifying Key Success Factors, Leidecker and Bruno (1984) propose the following: environmental scanning, industry structure analysis, industrial experts opinions, competitors analysis, best practice analysis, assessment of the companys internal feeling or judgment, intuitive factors and gathered data of profit impact and market strategy. This study mixes between internal assessment of a firm and industrial experts opinions. This internal assessment technique explores the firms forces and weaknesses. The KSFs are thus concluded from the interviews with experts in the industry. - Figure 1 about here - As designed in the research model, first a value chain analysis focuses on the firms core competences from an inside perspective. In parallel, the firms value chain is positioned into the value system of the industry, to identify adjacent players and external linkages and determine firms ecosystem. An analysis of the Value Chain aims to identify competitive advantages. From the Value System and the ecosystem, the Value Grid framework identifies competitive advantages from its three dimensions. The outcomes from Value chain and Value Grid are analyzed to test the Value Grid and to extract the KSF for EMP. An ideal analysis of the KSF for EMP would be to do benchmarking with other companies from the same Industry. Then it will be possible to define EMPs real strategic advantages. However, due to availability of information this research focuses on an inside-out perspective and tests the concept of the Value Grid using one source of empirical data (a single case study). Semi-structured interviews are conducted with a specific list of topics to be covered (Bryman and Bell, 2003). The advantage of this method is that the interviewer is free to reformulate the questions or simply ask new questions that may appear as a result of the answer of the interviewee (Bryman and Bell, 2003). According to Grunert and Ellegaard (1992), this type of interview with business decision makers can measure perceived KSF. Five key persons are chosen for an interview from EMP: Robert Puskaric, head of EMP, Martin JÃ ¶nsson, from Product Portfolio Management, Fredrik Dalhgren Deputy Director of System Management, PÃ ¤r Stigmer from Sourcing and Supply and Linda Wenerman from Product Management. Empirical Findings for Ericsson Mobile Platforms Ericsson Mobile Platforms is a business unit within the Ericsson Group. It was founded in 2001 as a result of a split from the Ericsson mobile handset division, Ericsson Mobile Communications. This split ended up in Ericsson Mobile Platforms (EMP) and the joint-venture Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications. Before that time, Ericsson produced mobile platforms for in-house use only. Through EMP, Ericsson started to license open-standard 2.5G and 3G technology platforms to other mobile phone manufacturers and other mobile communication devices. EMP offers stable platform deliveries that include ASICs and development boards (hardware), platform software, reference design, development and testing tools, training, support and documentation. The EMP platforms contain integrated circuits and softwares needed to build a GPRS, EDGE and/or WCDMA phone. It provides all the system functions such as Network Signaling, Data communications and Multimedia services. The system architecture of EMP is a modular design that is built on a use case analysis (Kornby, 2005). Examples of use cases are: imagining, video telephony, voice call, multimedia streaming, call handling, audio and video. The following criteria have been taken into account to develop this system architecture (Kornby, 2005): complete platform software (not only protocols), stability, flexibility, scalability to different market segments, adaptability to customer software applications, one single architecture for different mobile systems (GPRS, EDGE, WCDMA), maximum reuse of components and customer applications; and backward compatibility in software over the time. Customers build their applications on top of EMP platform software stack. Examples of customers applications are: multimedia players, phone call applications, web browsers, etc. EMP also supplies a suite of core applications where customers can use as a starting point for building their applications. EMP provides a complete application suite to support customers who do not build their own applications. This is especially for customers who want to focus in the low-end market. The goal of the EMPs Application Suite is to reduce time-to-market for customers in launching their phones. EMPs business model The EMPs business model consists of two parts: to license its core technology and to sell engineering support services to the customers. EMP charges a one-time up-front fixed payment for a Platform license and a royalty per unit that represent the major source of revenue (Kornby, 2005). EMP has built an ecosystem in order to ensure the maximum value creation for EMP. The five players in the EMPs ecosystem are depicted in figure 2. - Figure 2 about here - The first set of players relates to Network Providers; these companies offer the telecom infrastructure such as wireless communications systems. The main partner with EMP is LM Ericssons network group. They work hand-by-hand to provide end-to-end solutions, align roadmaps and ensure that EMP platforms can support the new network functionality offered by Ericsson (Kornby, 2005). Second, EMP has a closer relationship with the customers to ensure that new customer requirements are collected promptly in order to implement new functionality as early as possible. The third set of players in EMP ecosystem relates to Network Operators. These companies provide the services to the end-users (subscribers). They also purchase phones from mobile manufactures that are sold to the operators subscribers. Very often operators request mobile manufactures to use a specific mobile platform (Kornby, 2005). Thus EMP has built an important relationship in order to understand future operators requirements to secure that new functionality is available in the EMPs platform. Fourth, EMP and LM Ericsson are active at work with the standardization bodies such as 3GPP, OMA, JCP and OMPT. This is done in order to ensure interoperability of EMPs mobile platforms worldwide. And finally EMP works actively with ASIC, peripheral, IP and software suppliers in order to get fair prices for building EMP products. 4.2 The EMPs Value Chain and Value System The direct activities of EMPs value chain are: supply chain Management, hardware design activity, Software development and integration activity, a system reference design activity, a System Test and Interoperability Test (IOT), Product Use, External Networks and finally a customization activity. EMP has also a prototype unit that builds prototype phones for testing early functionality. The EMPs value chain and value system are depicted in figure 3. - Figure 3 about here - 4.2.1 Supply Chain Management EMP basically does not have any regular material flow, but outsource software and hardware through licenses. The task of the sourcing and supply department is to act as an internal consultant at EMP for deciding whether to buy an IP or develop hardware/software in-house. The sourcing department works tightly with the product definition and the RD organization; they work proactively to ensure fair prices. The decisions are based on three aspects: comparing the prices of buying from others and developing by itself, assessing the risk of buying and finally evaluating the total value by an in-house development. For example, to get a new IP in the platform, the sourcing department evaluates the total cost composed of the getting IP cost from supplier and the using IP cost (license) per ASIC. In this case customers pay the license directly, the cost of integrating an IP into the suppliers ASIC (a supplier may have already the knowledge of adding this IP, thus it becomes cheaper) and the co st of the final integration into the platform (how difficult is to make drivers and APIs to control the IP). The sourcing and supply department acts differently depending of what wants to outsource. For IPs, the negotiations are based on case, for ARM and DSP cores it builds long term relationship with the suppliers, and for a specific component such as Image Signal Processor (ISP) it chooses the best price in the market. Since ASICs are costly, EMP co-develops the design with suppliers and builds long term relationship. 4.2.2 Hardware design (HW) Regarding the Hardware, EMP only designs and specifies requirements for the different hardware components in the platform. As is shown in the Error: Reference source not foundASIC suppliers (or fabs) test and manufacture the hardware. EMP verifies the hardware components only when it builds the reference design. The design of the HW is divided into two main parts, Front-End and Back End design. For the Radio Frequency (RF) hardware EMP designs the Front-End and Back-End. For the Digital Base Band (DBB) EMP only does the front-end design. Finally, the analog base band (ABB) ASIC, EMP only specifies the hardware requirements and leaves the rest to the ASICs suppliers 4.2.3 Software development and Integration Software development and Integration refers to developing software solutions for the different stacks in the software platform architecture. This activity also involves developing EMP (in-house) software stacks such as Network Signaling protocols for WCDMA, GSM/GPRS and EDGE; data communication protocols such as, TCP/IP, RTP, and IMS; multimedia protocols for streaming music and video; developing a set of application platform interfaces to control the software platform and hardware. DBB, ABB, RF, and peripheral are to implement low level drivers to control hardware components inside the mobile platform. This activity also involves integration of third party proprietary software components such as, music codecs (like MP3 and Windows media player), and operating systems. This activity also involves testing the software at different levels: module tests, regression tests and integration tests. 4.2.4 Reference design EMP builds reference boards and real-size reference phones. These non-commercial phones are produced in small quantities that are internally used for software development and hardware verification, interoperability test and early-stage test of hardware for customers. 4.2.5 System Test and Interoperability test The system test consists of the verification of the complete reference design. The tests are conducted in lab, with network vendors and interoperability test with major live networks operators in the world. This is a very costly task and it is done to uncover ambiguities in the basic standards and specification. It also covers informal type approval test for the phone (Kornby, 2005). Value Chain Analysis According to the theoretical framework a company can generate competitive advantages by analyzing the different activities in the value chain. EMPs value chain basically works only in the service domain. EMP licenses its platform solutions and let the customers manage the manufacturing process with EMPs suppliers, thus the EMPs core activities are design (both in hardware and software), integration and testing of the platform (of the whole system). EMPs advantage appears in the fact that the firm has designed a holistic system architecture which makes easy to develop and test the functionality independently. This saves considerable a considerable time amount at the integration phase. Moreover, the system is designed to be flexible and scalable, so it is easy to re-use and add new functionality. Therefore, EMPs main strength is that the firm successfully manages to develop, integrate and test very complex new technologies to deliver a stable cost-effective platform solution when techn ology development is not in a mature phase. The main EMPs competitive advantage is to be the leader in providing cost-effective solutions for the mass market when the new technologies are emerging. Another interesting strength found is that the brand image of Ericsson plays an important role when meeting with new suppliers. The reputation of the Ericsson corporation is transferred to EMP and it facilitates the starting of new agreements and business opportunities. Potential Risks The value chain is an analytical tool that helps to find value in each activity; this can also be used for finding weakness and improvement areas. From the value chain we can identify two main weaknesses. First, the base band ASICs are the most costly part in the platform, despite that EMP says that it has managed to get fair licenses prices for the ASICs. The power of the suppliers is relatively high, thus EMP cannot have full control of the hardware prices. It seems that high margins still go to ASIC manufactures. Second, at this moment, EMP does not have the competence and the resources to integrate vertically in the upstream value chain. According to the interviewees, the most valuable strategic resource at EMP resides in personnels competence in the area of radio access technology and in the skills for designing a flexible and low cost system. These two competences are the driving forces for providing a cost-optimized mobile platform. The main risk in the value chain comes from the suppliers side. When technology reached a mature market, there is a risk that the technology becomes a commodity product and thus, suppliers can acquire knowledge on how to implement these technologies in their own ASICs. This implies that ASIC manufactures can produce ultra low cost platforms, due to the fact that they can control the price of the hardware. Another identified potential risk relate to how much EMP should outsource (Varadarajan, 2009). As is shown in the value chain (figure 3), EMP outsources a number of software components. An indiscriminate software outsourcing policy may lead to the loss of competences inside the EMP value chain (such as signal processing knowledge) thus reduce the value of the platform offering. 5.2 Benchmark What are the EMPs keys factors that are considered important for success? EMP is constantly evaluating and comparing with competitors in terms of cost, size, performance and power consumption of the product offering. From an end-users perspective, EMP is interested in delivering high quality multimedia functions for providing good speech and audio quality. Other benchmark measures are purely financial measures. All the interviewees agree that there are areas of improvement for EMP from a value chain perspective. 5.2.1 Horizontal integration In most of the interviews, a potential improvement for EMP consists in the integration of the value chain from a horizontal perspective by adding others technologies for example to offer an integrated solution with WLAN, BT or FM radio. The platform today provides the flexibility to add these peripherals, but this is a work that the customer must do when he done the product design (and it doesnt add a real value for EMP). This extended platform function offering in EMP platforms has the following impacts: 1) As customers will have less control over the price for these peripherals, they will not be able to bargain the prices 2) the cost of the EMP platform for customers will increase, 3) the total PCB area will go down due to integration of the peripheral in the ASICs and 4) the final product from a customer perspective (i.e. phone ready to launch with everything in place) will result in a total cost reduction. Thus, EMP would add value into the platform and customers will benefit fro m cheaper phones. In order to integrate these peripherals, EMP should create alliances with these suppliers in a cost effective manner (HÃ ¥kansson and Ford, 2002). It is not enough to just integrate any peripheral; it should be a peripheral that can be used by almost all customers in the different platforms, in a way that provide a common platform offering. Otherwise it will end up in a customized platform and the total value added from a portfolio perspective may not be that clear. An example of a peripheral that may fit with this approach is BT devices. The goal of EMP will probably be the re-use of the same platform as much as possible; however this is not defined yet. EMP has managed to have more than one ASIC supplier. This has increased the possibilities of getting fair prices. EMP is still looking to increase the number of suppliers to gain bargaining power. 5.2.2 Vertical integration Almost all the interviews discuss the fact, if the vertically integration must be in the upstream or not. As was described, the most costly part in the platforms is the ASICs and in order to offer competitive price, alliances must be created with ASICs suppliers. However, what if EMP chooses a fabless model? EMP would need then to focus more on the design of the hardware devices (today, it leaves it to some suppliers to design the hardware). EMP should start to do more IP designs, to focus on the back-end design of all the hardware components (ASICs) and create cell libraries for them. This vertical integration implies that EMP would leave ASIC manufacturing to a silicon foundry (for example, companies like TSMC, UMC, Chartered, etc). The advantage is that EMP would be able to choose suppliers, to get better prices and thus to get higher margins. For instance the EMPs competitor Qualcomm has this approach and uses TSMC as ASIC manufacturing. Nevertheless, complete back-end design requires EMP to build specific competence and skills for the complete hardware design. Moreover, EMP would need to take care of production issues like yield management, quality and logistics. This could lead to an expensive learning experience. Since EMP is a rather small company in global terms which focuses mostly in software design and system integration, a solution would probably be to invest in a company who has already the skills and experience. But in the near future this option will be not considered. Test of Value Grid Value Grid offers a variety of new paths to enhance performance, resulting in a three dimensional grid: the vertical, the horizontal and the integrative diagonal dimensions (Pil and Holweg, 2006). 6.1 Vertical Dimension From the theory of Value Grid and the analysis of the value chain in the previous section, there is a match between the External Networks from the value-added chain concept and how to influence customer demand in the downstream. In this case the relationship between EMP and network operators plays an important coordinative role (Andersen and Christensen, 2005). EMP cannot influence demand directly since this activity is mainly driven by EMPs customers who manufacture, distribute and sell the phones to operators and end-users by other distribution channels. Indeed, network operators distribute a great part of the mobiles phones to the end-users due to their infrastructure. In order to increase traffic in their networks, they finance partly the cost of the phone by tying it with contracts (fixed subscriptions periods normally for one or two years) or offering a phone at lower cost with the restriction that the phone can only be used exclusively with prepaid SIM cards. Therefore, to inc rease sales and market share, EMP can build a strong relationship with operators and persuade them to buy mobiles phones from EMPs customers. 6.2 Horizontal Dimension In this dimension similarities were detected betwee

The Character of Mrs. Norris in Mansfield Park Essay -- Mansfield Park

The Character of Mrs. Norris in Mansfield Park  Ã‚  Ã‚   For any character there are three main ways of learning about them. Firstly, how the character themselves thinks and behaves. Secondly, how other characters respond to the character. Lastly, how the author discusses the character is very revealing. Each of these views of Mrs. Norris is provided by the author. Mrs Norris is only related to Mansfield Park through her sister, Lady Bertram. While she may not have managed to make the affluent marriage that her sister did, there is no doubting her love of money. Sir Thomas Bertram provides an income for Mrs Norris' husband, a member of the clergy. This enables them to live in comfort and in close proximity to the house at Mansfield Park. Mrs Norris is possibly the shallowest character in the community of Mansfield Park. She has no qualms about marrying for security, not love. Outward appearance is everything to her, especially how others perceive her. However, this leads her to make decisions for the wrong reasons: "[She] found herself obliged to be attached to the Rev. Mr Norris". When Rev. Mr Norris dies, Austen hints at the perhaps loveless marriage that Mrs Norris was a part of: "[She] consoled herself by considering that she could do very well wit... ...ever received kindness from her aunt. Jane Austen is always influencing our view of Mrs Norris, whether directly or indirectly. Mrs Norrisà ­ own actions show what an opinionated, bossy woman she is. While the relative indifference of those around may more suggestive of their own characters, it shows how oppressive she is. Finally, Austen herself directly affects what we think of Mrs Norris with her own commentary in the the text. There are moments of authorial voice that simply give frank insights into the character of Mrs Norris. The summation of these three points is how the reader comes to an understanding of Mrs Norris.    The Character of Mrs. Norris in Mansfield Park Essay -- Mansfield Park The Character of Mrs. Norris in Mansfield Park  Ã‚  Ã‚   For any character there are three main ways of learning about them. Firstly, how the character themselves thinks and behaves. Secondly, how other characters respond to the character. Lastly, how the author discusses the character is very revealing. Each of these views of Mrs. Norris is provided by the author. Mrs Norris is only related to Mansfield Park through her sister, Lady Bertram. While she may not have managed to make the affluent marriage that her sister did, there is no doubting her love of money. Sir Thomas Bertram provides an income for Mrs Norris' husband, a member of the clergy. This enables them to live in comfort and in close proximity to the house at Mansfield Park. Mrs Norris is possibly the shallowest character in the community of Mansfield Park. She has no qualms about marrying for security, not love. Outward appearance is everything to her, especially how others perceive her. However, this leads her to make decisions for the wrong reasons: "[She] found herself obliged to be attached to the Rev. Mr Norris". When Rev. Mr Norris dies, Austen hints at the perhaps loveless marriage that Mrs Norris was a part of: "[She] consoled herself by considering that she could do very well wit... ...ever received kindness from her aunt. Jane Austen is always influencing our view of Mrs Norris, whether directly or indirectly. Mrs Norrisà ­ own actions show what an opinionated, bossy woman she is. While the relative indifference of those around may more suggestive of their own characters, it shows how oppressive she is. Finally, Austen herself directly affects what we think of Mrs Norris with her own commentary in the the text. There are moments of authorial voice that simply give frank insights into the character of Mrs Norris. The summation of these three points is how the reader comes to an understanding of Mrs Norris.   

Thyroid Cancer Essay example -- essays research papers

The thyroid gland is the gland that makes and stores hormones that help regulate the heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and metabolism. Thyroid hormones are essential for the function of every cell in the body. They help regulate growth and the rate of chemical reactions in the body. Thyroid hormones also help children grow and develop. The thyroid gland is located in the lower part of the neck, below the Adam's apple, wrapped around the trachea. It has the shape of a butterfly with two lobes attached to one another by a middle part called the isthmus. The thyroid uses iodine, a mineral found in some foods and in iodized salt, to make its hormones. The two most important thyroid hormones are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The thyroid gland also makes the hormone calcitonin, which is involved in calcium metabolism and stimulating bone cells to add calcium to bone. Thyroid caner is a disease in which the cells of the thyroid gland become abnormal, grow uncontrollably and form a mass of cells called a tumor. Some tumors grow and enlarge only at the site where they began. These types of tumors are referred to as benign tumors. Other tumors not only enlarge locally, but they also have the potential to invade and destroy the normal tissues around them and to spread to other regions of the body. These types of tumors are called malignant tumors or cancer.() Malignant tumors of the thyroid gland tend to develop gradually and remain localized. The tumors usually appear as nodules or lumps of tissue growing on or inside the gland itself. Almost 95% of these lumps or nodules are non-cancerous (benign), and are usually caused by thyroid conditions such as goiters (Shin 422). The American Cancer Society estimates that there will be about 23,600 new cases of thyroid cancer in the U.S. in 2004 (Thackery 1057). Women are three times more likely to develop th yroid cancer than men. Although the disease also affects younger people, most people who develop thyroid cancer are over 50 years of age. Caucasians are affected more often than African-Americans (Rubin 88).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are four main types of thyroid cancers: papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic. These tumors are identified by the type of cells seen under the microscope. Papillary thyroid tumors occur most often. This type of thyroid cancer develops on one or b... ... people with thyroid cancer have no known risk factors. Therefore it may not be possible to prevent it. However, inherited cases of medullary thyroid cancer can be prevented if radiation to the neck is avoided (Longe 3308). If a family member has had the disease, the rest of the family can be testes and treated early. The National Cancer Institute recommends an examination for anyone who has received radiation to the head and neck area during childhood at intervals of one or two years. It is also recommended that the neck and the thyroid should be carefully examined for any lumps or enlargement of the nearby lymph nodes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Work Cited Longe, Jacqueline L. â€Å"Thyroid Cancer.† The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. 2nd ed. 2001. Rubin, Alan L. Thyroid for Dummies. New York, NY: Hungry Minds, 2001. Shin, Linda M. Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Sourcebook. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, 1998 Surks, Martin I. The Thyroid Book. Yonkers, NY: Consumer Reports Books, 1993 Thackery, Ellen. â€Å"Thyroid Cancer.†

Analysis of the Article Dot.com? Don’t bother! Essay -- Analyzing Arti

Analysis of the Article "Dot.com? Don’t bother!" Posted recently by T.J. Straith on a British website titled I-resign.com- a kind of online financial resource that offers information and services to individuals in the modern workplace –the article "Dot.com? Don’t bother!" provides a somewhat comical yet focused, criticism-based look into the pitfalls associated with investing in today’s tech-related startup companies- the kind that base future earnings, market demand and overall success on guestimation and facts from the current market. Designed to serve as a massive attack against the idea of investing in newly developed or developing tech companies, the article in itself -through the use of objective facts, detailed descriptions of the market, example situations, and even personal experience based on the author’s own investment in a failed tech-company- provides the reader with enough information to understand the truths behind the market, accomplished in an almost completely objective fashion, and then calls for modern investors to place value in realistic goals and not the â€Å"the hyperinflationary world of dotcom valuations.† As an opinion article, Straith’s intent is obviously to educate the reader in such a way that brings the person to his level of understanding- a level at which the hype behind new tech companies should be taken with a pound of salt. In general, the author relies heavily on denotative language to hold the article together, which essentially holds the audience in place. â€Å"The dotcom craze infected whole economies.† Deep reflections on society, religion, philosophy, or anything else representative of connotative language clearly have no real place in the article- it’s designed to inform... ...efit. Hands down, Straith does a fine job of delivering a warning message. Identifying a byproduct in this article is tough- it’s designed to inform readers of many different classes, does it’s job, and leaves no apparent avenue of misunderstanding down which a reader might lose him or herself in a mess of unrelated or confusing facts. His use of informal tone, understandable language, and mild humor is enough from which readers can reap an understanding, business people and common-types alike. His writing style and method of delivery support his goal of informing potential investors of the common blind-sightedness that has been such a dominant factor towards dotcom investing in the past, while his apparent interest in the financial welfare of others is a credibility-adding factor that- the mind of the reader –can set him aside from other authors in his class.

Basseri of Iran: Past and Present Essay

Basseri of Iran: Past and Present Jonathan Hixon ANT101 Instructor Brown-Warren February 24, 2013 When the Achamenian emperors of ancient Persia built their capital at Persepolis, in a valley of the Zagros, they did so with strategy in mind. Persepolis was placed in a common â€Å"bottleneck† in the annual migration routes of several tribes from the warm coastal plains to the cool summer pastures in the north. Twice a year, several whole confederations of tribes had to pass by Persepolis with all of their wealth in sheep, goats, and horses, and he who ruled Persepolis ruled what then was Persia. One of the tribes that still use this route today is the Basseri of Iran. (Coon, 1962) The Basseri of Iran was a nomadic pastoralist society from the beginning of their existence. The Basseri are located in southwest Iran and were housed in tents. Each tent housed a nuclear family and many tents made up a camp for the Basseri. An independent household occupied every tent in a camp. The tents were arranged in groups of smaller groups that usually would put all of their flocks of animals into one unit that was taken care of by one shepherd. A shepherd was usually a younger boy or girl from different tents that took care of the smaller camp’s flocks. Some families would hire a shepherd from other tents if they did not have the means to provide a qualified shepherd of their own. Nomadic pastoralists had no permanent settlements; instead, complete households shift location with the herd. House structures were highly moveable, such as a tent or yurt, a portable, felt-covered, wood lattice-framed dwelling structure used in the steppes of Central Asia among Kazakh and Kirghiz pastoralists. Pastoralists moved for a number of reasons other than following water and forage for their herds. Herders also moved to avoid neighboring peoples and government control, thus reducing disease, insects, and competition for resources, while abstaining from taxation and circumscription into military service. (Nowak & Laird, 2010) In the past, the Basseri of Iran were nomadic pastoralists, but the Basseri have started to come into a culture of a more advanced technological culture in today’s time. The Basseri have now become more dvanced in their culture with the world we all live in today while respecting the culture they came from in decades past. The social organization of the Basseri is clearly simple, but effective as a organized system of leadership. The Basseri chief is the head of a very strongly centralized political system and has immense authority over all the members of the Basseri tribe. The chief, in his dealing with the headmen, draws on their power and influenc e but does not delegate any of his own power back to them. Some material goods – mostly gifts of some economic and prestige value, such as riding horses and weapons – flow from the chief to the headmen. A headman is in a politically convenient position: he can communicate much more freely with the chief than can ordinary tribesmen, and thus can bring up cases that are to his own advantage and, to some extent, block or delay the discussion of matters detrimental to his own interests. Nonetheless, the political power that a headman derives from the chief is very limited. Johnson, 1996) The Basseri as noted are divided into camps of tents, which may or may not have a headman present in a particular camp. If a camp does not have a headman present, then that camp will usually have an informal leader who were recognized by the other headmen, but had no formal recognition by the Basseri chief. For this reason (not being formally recognized by the Basseri chief) the informal leaders still usually answered to an â€Å"official† h eadman in another camp which could bring things up before the chief if something needed to be addressed. The head of the household (or tent) would be the person responsible for bringing things up to an informal leader or a headman for discussion with the chief when things needed to be brought to the attention of the chief for social or political discussion. This political organization is not so hard to grasp as one of a huge population like we see in the United States. In summary, one could see that there are tents that housed families, a head of household for that tent, an informal leader or headman and finally the chief (who would be over many different camps and tents within those camps). This political organization would be closely compared to, for instance, a police department chain of command in where you have the chief, then the captains (compared to the headmen), then sergeants (informal leaders), corporals (heads of households), and finally the troops (members of the individual households). This was a way I could compare and understand the political organization of the Basseri people easily. The economic function of the Basseri was that of true importance to the tents/households ability to sustain themselves. The economic function of the Basseri lies in the occupancy of pastures throughout the migratory fashion of the Basseri. Tents are the basic element of the economic unit in the Basseri community. As much as they are social units, tents are also the basic units of production and consumption. In the summer, there might have been as many as thirty or forty tents that made up a camp; however in the winter months, camps were reduced down to approximately two to five tents and were separated from other camps by three or four kilometers. The Basseri keep a variety of domesticated animals, but sheep and goats have the greatest economic importance. Other domesticated animals include donkeys for transport and riding (mainly by women and children), horses for riding only (predominately by men), camels for heavy transport and wool, and dogs for keeping watch in camp. (Johnson, 1996) Their products obtained from their flocks sustain the Basseri community. The Basseris’ most important products for trade included milk, lambskins, and wool, in that order. The Basseri spins, weave wool and goat-hair, and make their own tent poles, pack-saddles, and cordage. The rest of their equipment is bought from townsmen and gypsies, their vegetable food from villagers. Some of the Basseri own village lands from which they receive shares of the crops. (Coon, 1962) Community members trade in their milk, hides and other animal products at bazaars in surrounding towns and use this money to purchase other types of food such as vegetables, clothing and other necessities. As John Dowling argues, it is informative to contrast the Basseri with another pastoral people, the Turkana of Tanganyika. Both the Basseri and the Turkana are nomadic, both have productive organizations that are family based, both pasture their animals on tribally owned lands to which all individuals have usufruct rights, and in both societies animals are culturally ascribed to individuals property. But the orientation of the Turkana pastoralist is vastly different than that of the Basseri. The Turkana pastoralist produces primarily for consumption, the Basseri for sale. (Dowling, 1975) Dowling goes on to say that the Basseri go frequently to the market, buying material for women’s clothing, men’s ready made clothing, goods of tanned leather (shoes, saddles, etc. ), wheat flour (a staple), sugar, tea, dates, fruits, vegetables, glass ware, china, metal articles (cooking utensils, etc. ), narcotics, luxury goods such as women’s jewelry and carpets, and, for those who are able, land. The Turkana could live without external trade; they are self-sufficient subsistence producers. The Basseri are market dependent. (Dowling, 1975) Gender roles of the Basseri were clearly defined and adhered to by the members of the Basseri camps and tents. The gender roles of the Basseri are clearly defined by the community. When it comes to the tent, all authority lies with the husband (head of household). The husband was the decision-making person in the household and all were expected to adhere to the decisions made by the husband. Women had less significant power and were generally their roles were to take care of the day-to-day domestic operations of the tent or household. Women were also considered part of a man’s wealth and it was quite common for a wealthy man to marry more than one wife. Daughters had no rights in choosing a marriage partner as this decision was solely made by the husband/father and the father of the boy the daughter was to marry. Most families viewed the girl children as a means of gaining wealth since they understood that the girl would attract a certain amount of bride wealth into the family. The boy child was of more use to the community as a whole. The boys could look after the herds (even though there were cases that I read where girls were allowed to do shepherding duties as well) and protect and help the communities in the struggle between other communities. Marriage among the Basseri was arranged and it was not possible for a girl of the tent to have much of a say in who she would marry. As stated before, the Basseri of Iran have households that are referred to as tents; within a tent, there were nuclear families that had members of households headed by the husband who was considered head of his tent or household. The husband or head of the tent was the one who made all arrangements for marriages of his sons and daughters under their tents. The husbands would discuss with members of other tents who show interests in his sons or daughters and together, they would arrange marriages between the sons and daughters of other tents or households. The parties that were to get married usually had very little options but to accept what had been decided for them and accepted the marriage. The father of the bride would have to pay the bride price in the form of livestock and would also be expected to give a share of his animals to the new couple as a form of inheritance. This inheritance ould form the means of subsistence for the newly married couple/family. A married man may arrange subsequent marriages for himself, whereas all women and unmarried boys are subject to the authority of a marriage guardian, who is the head of their household. The marriage contract is often drawn up and written by a nontribal ritual specialist, or holy man. It stipulates certain bride-payments for the girl and the domestic equipment she is expected to bring, and the divorce or widow’s insurance, which is a prearranged share of the husband’s estate, payable upon divorce or in the event of his death. Johnson, 1996) Basseri are slowly becoming more and more settled in todays society and some are moving away from the traditional nomadic pastoralist ways of culture and moving towards a more modern approach to life. While there are still nomadic pastoralists today among the Basseri, many of the Basseri have begun to settle down and become a more settled culture. Poverty and debt lead a household to consume their capital in livestock; this makes them poorer, which makes it harder to make ends meet. More capital is consumed, and with no alternative sources of wealth available, settlement is inevitable. (Bradburd, 1989) Successful Basseri build up their herds, accumulating hundreds or thousands of animals. Fearful of losing their wealth to disease and the vulnerabilities of nature, herders convert this capital into an alternative form of wealth, such as land in local villages. The land is cultivated by villagers as tenant farmers, including unsuccessful Basseri who lost their herds and ended up as agricultural laborers. Nowak & Laird, 2010) Bradburd argues that not only poor Basseri settled; wealthy Basseri were driven to settle both by the risks of pastoralism, which threatened them with a return to poverty, and by the fact that the economic realities of their situation did not provide a return commensurate with their risk. (Bradburd, 1989) With increased modernization, many of the Basseri have learned of other subsistence means that are more profitable and have shifted away from the traditional Basseri culture or pastoralists. Traditionally, the Basseri of south western Iran are nomadic pastoralists and they continue to be that way in today’s time, but the number of traditional nomadic pastoralists among the Basseri people a very few. Most Basseri have begun to move towards a more modern approach in living and have settled down in villages or even more urban areas to obtain jobs that sustain life easier than their ancestors had in previous years. In the past, the Basseri of Iran were nomadic pastoralists, but the Basseri have started to come into a culture of a more advanced technological culture in today’s time. The Basseri have now become more advanced in their culture with the world we all live in today while respecting the culture they came from in decades past. Most texts agree that many of the settled people in the southwestern area of Iran either were Basseri or are descendants of Basseri. Even though there are still traditional nomadic pastoralist Basseri in the region, they have become small in number; but the one’s that exist today, value their lifestyle and don’t want to change the way they have been living for many years.

Eliot Spitzer Case Essay

Eliot Spitzer, attorney general of New York Investment surety Bureau, was the leading regulator who changed the way galore(postnominal) paries passageway houses do business. What he accomplished was nonhing miserable of wicked he has not only stood up for the investors against skirt path giants, scarce he did so in much(prenominal) an warring but correctful(prenominal) manner that ask a great deal courage and sophistication. Many criticized Spitzer for his besides aggressive indictments and comeions against W either Street firms, which consisted freeing the Merrill lynchs imply emails on the national television as easily as releasing firms civil charges to semi habitual to begin with the salute ruled on the case.However, his rationale behind it was that numerous an early(a)(prenominal) breakwater Street firms bring in taken shelters infra legal settlements usually led by minute or other presidency standard agencies that would withhold the s prov okedalous elaborate of their charges and only require firms to pay or so fines. These firms reputations would remain intact and the usual would not have any aw argonness of the deprave business models that almost of these firms have been practicing. That is why many firms continue to hand dissimulatorulent, inconstant deals that would rip off their clients, and drive up their profitability, cunning that the worst case scenario is them getting caught and having a pay some theatrical role of fine to settle the case.Therefore, Spitzer releasing the incriminating details of environ Street firms to the populace, though a bit unorthodox, is fair in my opinion. He did so for a rightfieldful reason to use the power of promotion to im proposet fears of committing frauds into paries Street executives minds. He wanted to build a stronger interference against skirt Street firms ill recitals. In addition to that, Spitzers executes are in like manner legitimized by a rarely cognise New York State law called Martin Act. This Act, in unrivalled case invoked by attorney general, female genitalia nullify a firm from continuing its allegedly fraudulent practices. Attorney generals whoremonger therefore immediately expose the situation to the public while continue their investigation and acquire more than than training until they are flying to wedge suit which so-and-so be civil or criminally against the firm. The act itself is designed to pr veritable(a)t fraud and unimportant practices. Spitzer used the Martin Act as his strongest vehicles to avenge the dishonest Wall Street firms.Of course, no firms are corrupt by nature. count in fact, to the postgraduateest degree of the Wall Street firms have Code of Ethics and require systems in ready to pr level offt their employees to practice fraudulently. However, the main problem is that although these policies are well-writ 10 in form, not much effort is exhausted by the firms to actually implement these policies and codes. For example, Merrill Lynch had policies requiring equities analysts to be unionly objective, and yet most of its investment bankers acted as salesperson by manipulating reports on stock to attract and keep clients. Most of the fraudulent transactions were equal to take place in these sophisticated, well-built Wall Street firms because these firms lacked strong inhering control. The high incentive to generate revenue at all costs, the lack of transparency and information flow, and confusing respectable standard all contributed to the interest-conflicting corporate culture that many Wall Street firms have but balk to acknowledge.To have a strong internal control, the utmost important component is the nicety at the top a unattackable corporate governance. Strong corporate governance leads to a healthy control environment, which can really define the way a company functions and whether employees act on behalf of the go around interest of th e shareholders and clients. Aside from setting the cathexis statements, the top management should emphasize and employ the values in professional impartiality and ethical standard. Firms should set up worthy Human Resource (HR) policies and training to make sure they have hired the right people who will do the right things. One of the major weaknesses in many Wall Street firms is their compensation structures. Many, if not all, Wall Street employees are rewarded by how much revenue they generate for the firm instead of the quality of process they brook to the customers. That is why investment bankers and stock analysts do not feel bad when they interchange junk stocks to unsophisticated buyers as they are receiving multi-million dollars for doing so. Nonethe slight, it is this form of distorted incentive that has pressured many to do unethical things even when they did not want to. total heat Blodget of Merrills inner(a) Research Group awarded InfoSpace highest recommended s tock valuation because Merrills Investment Banking (IB) division had an tie-in with an internet company that InfoSpace was going to acquire. He was pressured by the IB division, and eventually cooperated despite disagreeing because he was paid to do so. For add to Merrills IB operations, Henrys annual guaranteed minimum cash bonus drastically increased from $3 million in 1999 to $12 million in 2001. HR should make more commitment to employee competency and evaluate them on the basis of the service quality instead of the profit-driven criteria. A break down performance evaluation procedure can definitely enforce more ethical behaviors and due diligence within the firms. For many of these fraudulent practices to take place unobserved and undeterred, it is clear that Wall Street firms as well as lacked check and balance. Have they straightlacedly oblige segregation of duties, authorization procedure, and documentation, it would make it much harder for these fraudulent transact ions to go through.Analysts would round each others domesticate to make sure trades are middling assessed and authorized by the right cured personnel. Documentations are do so it would be easy for the manager to follow and rear track the trade. Also more than one group of people would be running(a) on the trade so they can all take responsibility for it if anything goes wrong. With proper check and balance, people would have less leeway to make ill-advised deals to the investors knowing that there are extra sets of eye watching over them. These internal controls would have detected and prevented fraudulent transactions before they even had a chance to proceed. Wall Street firms would not have to mystify about getting caught by the out-of-door parties such as Spitzers and his gang and face charges and public humiliation.In the 60 minute video we watched last class, Henry Markopolous complained about relative lack of action by minute in woful to stop the Madoff shit in its tracks. This leg was reiterated again in this case as sulphur played a rather passive role in the Merrill scandal as well as other fraud investigations Spitzer was involved in. It just seems that because SEC does an enormous number of investigations, it sets the limit of what it can do in terms investigation scope and response time to the fraud. Therefore, it made a strong enforcers like Spitzer even more if an important role for the public investors. Comparing to SECs long, perfunctory procedure that requires committee voting to even is fulfil a subpoena, Spitzers attorney generals office was a much more flexible, agile place where they can file suit with the court to take actions against fraud in a very shortly period of time.Spitzers use of publicity, although triggers criticisms such as subverts due process to release undigested investigative files to the media before charges are filed, was Spitzers way to show public the shocking betrayal of trust of some trusted Wall Street firms and result the public to know what was going on. condition the role by the Martin Act, Spitzer was able to sue the firms criminally as well, which means ending sentence to any corporation. Nonetheless, Spitzer has never do so because his ultimate goal was not to kill the firm, but to rather study the tainted spots from the firm, whether it is its CEO or any other executive position, so the firms can learn their lesson and become dampen corporate citizens a result that habitual settlements often fail to achieve. Therefore, I would reason that Eliot Spitzers actions regarding Wall Street regulation were appropriate. Despite his sometimes extreme measures, no firms bankrupted and no employees lost their jobs.His superior achievement came when he pushed Wall Street to its greatest reform since the Great Depression. On 2002, SEC, regulators, and the ten largest Wall Street firms agreed in principle to revise firms compensation plan to avoid conflicts of interest t hat have bear upon the research analysts independence and objectivity. The Global stop in 2003 has brought Wall Street giants such as Credit Suisse First Boston, Merrill Lynch, and Salomon smith Barney to their knees with fraudulent charges which required a total of $1.4 billion fine to resolve the case. Spitzer has make the right thing to reform the Wall Street into a much more trustworthy business environment that would kick upstairs the wellbeing of both investors and employees.It is clear that who is on the right side. Eliot did the right thing, given this strength by the Martin Act, to show It is a vocation of a pick outr. And he used the potence for a good cause, which pushed Wall Street as SEC, Spitzer, I think Spitzers practices are fair because although he has the authority to He never did so because, but to rather allow the firms to learn their lesson The Wall Street was successfully pushed to a renewal with his effort, and made itThe problem with SEC is its ri ght approach toward fraudsters. They are slow at reacting to frauds. Has too many investigations SEC has to handle. SEC has a formal procedures requiring the staff to vote from the five-member commission first to issue subpoenas and past to file suit. The enforcement and regulations were separate divisions in SEC enforcers tended to focus on individual cases of actus reus while regulators looked at the overall pictures. compare to SEC, Spitzer looked at both, and the attorney generals office was a flexible, agile place where they can file an affidavit with the court at a very short time.